caption a7 bacterial strain mic  (ATCC)

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Covalent structures of (A) mutacin 1140, (B) salivaricin A2, (C) nukacin ISK-1, and (D) mersacidin. The lanthionine rings are labeled as rings A, B, C, and D for mutacin 1140 and mersacidin and as rings A, B, and C for salivaricin A2 and nukacin ISK-1. Dehydrated residues from serine and threonine are labeled as Dha and Dhb, respectively. (Methyl-)lanthionine is formed between a cysteine and a dehydrated residue.

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Labeling, Residue

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Masses of salivaricin A2 analogues determined by ESI-MS

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Analogues

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of the NOEs from the NMR data. Proton interactions are described at the left of each line. The (i + 1) line depicts sequential walk connectivity between adjacent amino acids. The lines (i > 1) depict long-range NOEs between nonadjacent amino acids. The amino acids depicted by the beginning and the end of the line represent the residues that have proton interactions in the NOESY data set. The Abu, SAla, and AlaS abbreviations represent the methyl-lanthionine and lanthionine moieties present in salivaricin A2.

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques:

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Masses of salivaricin A2 and control peptide before and after cyanylation by CDAP

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: MICs and MLCs (μg/ml) for mutacin 1140 and salivaricin A2

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques:

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Kill kinetics of salivaricin A2 and mutacin 1140 against C. accolens ATCC 49725. A filled square (■) represents no drug control; a filled circle (●) represents the half-MICs of salivaricin A2 and mutacin 1140; a filled triangle (▲) represents the MICs of salivaricin A2 and mutacin 1140; and an open triangle (△) represents 2× MIC of salivaricin A2 and mutacin 1140. Salivaricin A2 treatments are shown with solid lines, while mutacin 1140 treatments are shown with dashed lines. Some error bars are not visible, since they are smaller than the symbol used.

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bioactivity of N-terminal salivaricin A2 analogues. The activity of each analogue is shown as the ratio of the area of the zone of inhibition of each analogue relative to the area of the zone of inhibition for native salivaricin A2. A value of 1.0 would indicate the same activity as the native compound. M. luteus was used as the indicator strain for antimicrobial activity, and experiments were done in duplicate.

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Analogues, Activity Assay, Inhibition

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Origins of the TLC assay. (A) Lane 1: mutacin 1140 and lipid II, 12:1 ratio; lane 2: salivaricin A2 and lipid II, 12:1 ratio; lane 3: salivaricin A2 and lipid II, 24:1 ratio; lane 4: vancomycin and lipid II, 12:1 ratio; lane 5: digested salivaricin A2 and lipid II, 24:1 ratio. (B) Lane 1: lipid II; lane 2: mutacin 1140; lane 3: salivaricin A2; lane 4: vancomycin; lane 5: digested salivaricin A2. Binding of lipid II keeps lipid II at the origin. Panel B serves as negative controls, showing no staining of the peptides or lipid II at the origin. Lipid II and mutacin 1140 were used as a positive control for retaining lipid II at the origin, while lipid II and vancomycin were used as a negative control.

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Staining, Positive Control, Negative Control

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overlay of TOCSY fingerprint region (NH correlations). The NH correlations of the wild-type sample are shown in black, while the NH correlations for salivaricin A2(3-22) are shown in red. The NH correlation for Trp6 is shown in green, since the residue did not have a significant chemical shift difference between the two samples. Dramatic chemical shifts are observable for all other residues, in particular for Ala8.

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Residue

Journal: Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Article Title: Covalent Structure and Bioactivity of the Type AII Lantibiotic Salivaricin A2

doi: 10.1128/AEM.02528-17

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains used in this study

Article Snippet: Further studies aimed at identifying the differences in the strains may help promote a better understanding of the antibiotic's mechanism of action as well as the differences in sensitivity. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3 caption a7 Bacterial strain Mutacin 1140 Salivaricin A2 MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) MIC (μg/ml) MLC (μg/ml) M. luteus ATCC 10240 0.0625 0.0625 2 2 C. accolens ATCC 49725 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. accolens KPL 1818 0.125 0.125 16 32 C. accolens KPL 2060 0.0625 0.0625 8 16 C. accolens KPL 2061 0.25 0.25 16 32 C. pseudodiphtheriticum KPL 1989 0.125 0.125 8 8 C. striatum KPL 1959 0.5 1 32 32 C. accolens KPL 1855 1 1 16 32 S. pneumoniae ATCC 27336 0.5 0.5 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI8 a 1 1 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI11 a 1 1 16 16 S. pneumoniae AI14 a 0.125 0.125 32 32 S. pneumoniae AI6 1 1 128 128 S. pneumoniae AI7 0.25 0.25 128 128 S. mutans JH1140 8 8 >128 >128 S. salivarius HS0302 0.5 0.5 64 128 B. subtilis PY79 8 8 >128 >128 B. megaterium ATCC 14581 8 8 >128 >128 S. epidermidis ERIN 30713 4 8 >128 >128 S. aureus ATCC 25923 4 4 >128 >128 E. faecalis ERIN 30002 16 32 >128 >128 Open in a separate window a MICs for the S. pneumoniae strains were tested in the presence of 5% human blood to promote growth.

Techniques: Overlay Assay